概述
意图框架是HarmonyOS系统级的意图标准体系。将应用和元服务的业务功能智能分发给不同的系统入口，以“音乐播放”为例，HarmonyOS将业务分发给“小艺建议”，提供了桌面大流量曝光，同时为开发者实现业务增长。习惯推荐类别下典型场景主要分为常用接续、常用复访以及常用推新三大类。比如“音乐播放”就属于常用接续场景。具体可参考习惯推荐场景体验。
- 常用接续：涵盖长视频、音乐、有声以及课程等领域，接续指在某个时间节点进行续播。
- 常用复访：涵盖导航、打车以及小游戏等领域，推荐用户经常使用的应用并展示卡片入口。
- 常用推新：涵盖资讯及短视频等领域，推荐用户新的资讯或者视频。
接入意图框架首先需要确定特性类别和具体意图，详细请参见Intents Kit接入流程。
本文以“音乐播放”意图为例，详细讲解意图接入与开发全过程。
音乐播放开发
以“音乐播放”为例，从意图注册、意图共享以及意图调用三大块介绍意图运行的开发过程。如果应用支持播放功能并且需要实现推荐播放接续，例如音乐、长视频以及课程的播放接续，可以参考本文。首先需要在设置中开启意图框架调试，如下图所示。确保意图框架调试开启且在界面成功展示设备支持测试应用。
开发步骤
- 在应用工程中新增PROJECT_HOME/entry/src/main/resources/base/profile/insight_intent.json文件注册意图，指定意图名称和所属垂域，并且指定一个意图调用逻辑入口。比如在本示例中将调用逻辑放在了EntryAbility下的InsightIntentExecutorImpl文件中。
{ "insightIntents": [ { "intentName": "PlayMusic", "domain": "MusicDomain", "intentVersion": "1.0.1", "srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/InsightIntentExecutorImpl.ets", "uiAbility": { "ability": "EntryAbility", "executeMode": [ "background", "foreground" ] } }, { "intentName": "PlayMusicList", "domain": "MusicDomain", "intentVersion": "1.0.1", "srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/InsightIntentExecutorImpl.ets", "uiAbility": { "ability": "EntryAbility", "executeMode": [ "background", "foreground" ] } } ] } - 新增PROJECT_HOME/entry/src/main/resources/rawfile/config/shareIntent.json文件，定义共享数据。数据体除了意图名、版本和标识前三个公共字段外，必选字段还包括动作模式、当前播放百分比、实体名称和ID、音乐名、logo、歌手以及音乐时长等。以下是“音乐播放”的完整数据。具体意图共享字段含义可参考各垂域意图Schema中的音乐垂类。
[ { "intentName": "PlayMusic", "intentVersion": "1.0", "identifier": "52dac3b0-6520-4974-81e5-25f0879449b5", "intentActionInfo": { "actionMode": "EXECUTED", "executedTimeSlots": { "executedStartTime": 1637393112000, "executedEndTime": 1637393212000 }, "currentPercentage": 50 }, "intentEntityInfo": { "entityName": "Music", "entityId": "C10194368", "entityGroupId": "C10194321312", "displayName": "红颜如霜", "description": "NA", "logoURL": "https://www-file.huawei.com/-/media/corporate/images/home/logo/huawei_logo.png", "keywords": [ "华为音乐", "化妆" ], "rankingHint": 99, "expirationTime": 1637393212000, "metadataModificationTime": 1637393212000, "activityType": [ "1", "2", "3" ], "artist": [ "测试歌手1", "测试歌手2" ], "lyricist": [ "测试词作者1", "测试词作者2" ], "composer": [ "测试曲作者1", "测试曲作者2" ], "albumName": "测试专辑", "duration": 244000, "playCount": 100000, "musicalGenre": [ "流行", "话语", "抖音", "00后" ], "isPublicData": false } }, { "intentName": "PlayMusicList", "intentVersion": "1.0", "identifier": "52dac3b0-6520-4974-81e5-25f0879449b5", "intentActionInfo": { "actionMode": "EXECUTED", "executedTimeSlots": { "executedStartTime": 1637393112000, "executedEndTime": 1637393212000 }, "currentPercentage": 50 }, "intentEntityInfo": { "entityName": "MusicList", "entityId": "C10194368", "entityGroupId": "C10194321312", "displayName": "测试歌单", "description": "这是xxx歌单", "logoURL": "https://www-file.huawei.com/-/media/corporate/images/home/logo/huawei_logo.png", "keyWords": [ "抖音", "动感" ], "rankingHint": 99, "expirationTime": 1637393212000, "metadataModificationTime": 1637393212000, "activityType": [ "1", "2", "3" ], "isPublicData": false, "briefDescription": "这是xxx歌单，来自xxx，是xxx风格", "artist": [ "测试歌手1", "测试歌手2" ], "numberOfSongs": 20, "type": "1", "creator": "测试创建者", "createDate": "2023-10-08T08:00:00+08:00", "musicNameList": [ "测试歌曲1", "测试歌曲2" ], "playCount": 30, "musicalGenre": [ "流行", "华语", "抖音", "00后" ] } } ] - 调用shareIntent()接口将意图对象输入到HarmonyOS，用于学习用户的行为规律。成功共享后“小艺建议”会展示对应应用的音乐模板卡片。展示效果如图所示。
static async shareIntent(context: Context, input: string): Promise<string> { Logger.debug(TAG, 'shareIntent'); try { let insightIntents: insightIntent.InsightIntent[] = JSON.parse(input); if (!insightIntents || insightIntents.length === 0) { Logger.error(TAG, 'shareIntent: json invalid.'); return 'shareIntent: json invalid.'; } return await insightIntent.shareIntent(context, insightIntents).then(() => { Logger.info(TAG, 'shareIntent success'); return 'share intent success'; }, (err: BusinessError) => { Logger.error(TAG, `shareIntent error message: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`); return `shareIntent error message: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`; }); } catch (err) { Logger.error(TAG, 'shareIntent fail', err); } return Promise.reject('shareIntent fail'); } - 配置PROJECT_HOME/entry/src/main/ets/entryability/InsightIntentExecutorImpl.ets文件，定义onExecuteInUIAbilityForegroundMode()方法。点击卡片，会拉起对应的应用并触发onCreate()和onExecuteInUIAbilityForegroundMode()等方法。意图调用如果会拉起应用界面，采取前台模式，如果不需要拉起采取后台模式。应用在foreground模式和background模式下会触发不同的生命周期与方法：
前后台模式
启动模式
触发生命周期
foreground
冷启动
onCreate->onWindowStageCreate->onExecuteInUIAbilityForegroundMode
热启动
onNewWant->onExecuteInUIAbilityForegroundMode
background
冷启动
onCreate->onExecuteInUIAbilityBackgroundMode
热启动
onExecuteInUIAbilityBackgroundMode
本示例中采取foreground模式，可以在onCreate()或者onNewWant()解析want和launchParam。并将参数result存储在AppStorage中。如果是在真实开发中意图调用传参字段可以在开发前和接口方协商。
onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void { Logger.info(TAG, 'onCreate'); if (want.parameters?.['result']) { this.result = want.parameters?.['result'] as string; } }want解析完毕后，会触发onExecuteInUIAbilityForegroundMode()方法进行真正逻辑处理，根据意图名称去分发处理方法并且返回一个Promise，成功调用code返回0，失败时返回-1。
/** * Override the method to execute the intent in the foreground UIAbility. * * @param name Intent name. * @param param Intent parameters. * @param pageLoader Window. * @returns Intent call result. */ onExecuteInUIAbilityForegroundMode(name: string, param: Record<string, Object>, pageLoader: window.WindowStage): Promise<insightIntent.ExecuteResult> { Logger.info(TAG, `onExecuteInUIAbilityForegroundMode name: ${name}, param: ${JSON.stringify(param)}`); // Distribute the processing logic based on the intent name. switch (name) { case InsightIntentExecutorImpl.PLAY_MUSIC: return this.playMusic(param, pageLoader); case InsightIntentExecutorImpl.PLAY_MUSIC_LIST: return this.playMusicList(param, pageLoader); default: break; } return Promise.resolve({ code: -1, result: { message: 'unknown intent' } } as insightIntent.ExecuteResult) }最后完成playMusic()的功能逻辑，小艺建议基于共享数据生成推荐卡片，点击卡片后将上述shareIntent.json定义的实体ID值传递到应用中。
/** * Implement the music playback function. * * @param param Intent parameters. * @param pageLoader Window. */ private playMusic(param: Record<string, Object>, pageLoader: window.WindowStage): Promise<insightIntent.ExecuteResult> { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { let para: Record<string, string> = { 'result': `intent execute success, entityId: ${param.entityId}` }; let localStorage: LocalStorage = new LocalStorage(para); // TODO Implement an intent call. pageLoader.loadContent('pages/Index', localStorage) .then(() => { // TODO The intent is called successfully. Logger.info(TAG, "Intent execute success"); resolve({ code: 0, result: { message: 'Intent execute success' } }); }) .catch((err: BusinessError) => { // TODO Handle the failure if the intent fails to be called. Logger.error(TAG, `Intent execute failed: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`); resolve({ code: -1, result: { message: 'Intent execute failed' } }) }); }) }如果想删除掉意图，可以调用deleteIntent()，在注册文件只有一个意图的情况下卡片入口会消失。运行效果如下图所示。
在真机设备上，小艺建议卡片不会实时刷新。可以通过点击卡片中的服务，重新返回到桌面后，进行卡片刷新。