PHP下用Swoole实现Actor并发模型

什么是Actor？

Actor对于PHPer来说，可能会比较陌生，写过Java的同学会比较熟悉，Java一直都有线程的概念（虽然PHP有Pthread,但不普及）,它是一种非共享内存的并发模型，每个Actor内的数据独立存在，Actor之间通过消息传递的形式进行交互调度，且Actor是一种高度抽象化的编程模型，非常适合于游戏、硬件行业。

Swoole协程与信箱

得益于Swoole4.x，我们可以基于Swoole的协程与Channel快速实现一个信箱模式调度。模拟代码如下：

use Swoole\Coroutine\Channel;
go(function (){    //创建十个信箱通道
    $mailBoxes = [];    for ($i = 1;$i <= 10;$i++){
        $mailBoxes[$i] = new Channel(16);
    }    //模拟master 邮局调度,随机像一个信箱投递消息
    go(function ()use($mailBoxes){        while (1){
            \co::sleep(2);
            $key = rand(1,10);
            ($mailBoxes[$key])->push(time());
        }
    });    //模拟actor 实体消费
    for ($i = 1;$i <= 10;$i++){
        go(function ()use($mailBoxes,$i){            while (1){
                $msg = ($mailBoxes[$i])->pop();                echo 'Actor {$i} recv msg : {$msg} \n';
            }
        });
    }
});

以上代码执行输出：

php test.php Actor 8 recv msg : 1559622691 Actor 10 recv msg : 1559622693 Actor 1 recv msg : 1559622695 Actor 5 recv msg : 1559622697

协程通道每次在POP遇到无数据的时候，都会自动让出执行权（具体可以去看Swoole协程调度）

Actor库

基于上面的原理，我们实行了一个多进程分布的协程Actor库

composer require easyswoole/actor=2.x-dev

我们依赖dev库进行测试，生产可以自己依赖stable版本

进程关系

Easyswoole的Actor模型中，存在两组进程，一组是proxy进程，用来实现Actor对外服务，一组是worker进程，proxy进程与worker进程之间通过unixsock进行通讯，而Actor实例就均匀的分布worker之中。

样例代码

比如在一个聊天室中，我们可以定义一个房间模型。

namespace EasySwoole\Actor\Test;use EasySwoole\Actor\AbstractActor;use EasySwoole\Actor\ActorConfig;class RoomActor extends AbstractActor{    public static function configure(ActorConfig $actorConfig)
    {
        $actorConfig->setActorName('Room');
    }    public function onStart()
    {        //每当一个RoomActor实体被创建的时候，都会执行该回调
        var_dump('room actor '.$this->actorId().' start');
    }    public function onMessage($msg)
    {        //每当一个RoomActor实体收到外部消息的时候，都会执行该回调当
        var_dump('room actor '.$this->actorId().' onmessage: '.$msg);        return 'reply at '.time();
    }    public function onExit($arg)
    { 
        //每当一个RoomActor实体退出的时候，都会执行该回调
        var_dump('room actor '.$this->actorId().' exit at arg: '.$arg);        return 'exit at '.time();
    }    protected function onException(\Throwable $throwable)
    {        //每当一个RoomActor出现异常的时候，都会执行该回调
        var_dump($throwable->getMessage());
    }
}

在cli模式下创建一个Actor服务

use EasySwoole\Actor\Actor;use EasySwoole\Actor\Test\RoomActor;use EasySwoole\Actor\ProxyProcess;

Actor::getInstance()->register(RoomActor::class);
$list = Actor::getInstance()->generateProcess();foreach ($list['proxy'] as  $proxy){    /** @var ProxyProcess $proxy */
    $proxy->getProcess()->start();
}foreach ($list['worker'] as $actors){    foreach ($actors as $actorProcess){        /** @var ProxyProcess $actorProcess */
        $actorProcess->getProcess()->start();
    }
}while($ret = \Swoole\Process::wait()) {    echo 'PID={$ret['pid']}\n';
}

创建一个cli测试脚本

use EasySwoole\Actor\Actor;use EasySwoole\Actor\Test\RoomActor;
Actor::getInstance()->register(RoomActor::class);

go(function (){
    $actorId = RoomActor::client()->create('create arg1');
    var_dump($actorId);
    \co::sleep(3);
    var_dump(RoomActor::client()->send($actorId,'this is msg'));
    \co::sleep(3);
    var_dump(RoomActor::client()->exit($actorId,'this is exit arg'));
    \co::sleep(3);
    RoomActor::client()->create('create arg2');
    \co::sleep(3);
    RoomActor::client()->create('create arg3');
    \co::sleep(3);
    var_dump(RoomActor::client()->sendAll('sendAll msg'));
    \co::sleep(3);
    var_dump(RoomActor::client()->status());
    \co::sleep(3);
    var_dump(RoomActor::client()->exitAll('sendAll exit'));
});

以上代码执行结果如下：
服务端

php test.php 
string(40) 'room actor 00101000000000000000001 start'
string(57) 'room actor 00101000000000000000001 onmessage: this is msg'
string(64) 'room actor 00101000000000000000001 exit at arg: this is exit arg'
string(40) 'room actor 00101000000000000000002 start'
string(40) 'room actor 00103000000000000000001 start'
string(57) 'room actor 00101000000000000000002 onmessage: sendAll msg'
string(57) 'room actor 00103000000000000000001 onmessage: sendAll msg'
string(60) 'room actor 00101000000000000000002 exit at arg: sendAll exit'
string(60) 'room actor 00103000000000000000001 exit at arg: sendAll exit'

客户端

php test2.php 
string(23) '00101000000000000000001'string(19) 'reply at 1559623925'string(18) 'exit at 1559623928'bool(true)
array(3) {
  [1]=>  int(1)
  [2]=>  int(0)
  [3]=>  int(1)
}bool(true)